1 cause

2 origin

3 root cause

4 reason

5 classifier: 个 gè

1 old variant of 因[yīn]

1 because

2 owing to

3 on account of

1 pain

2 suffering

3 painful

4 classifier: 个 gè

1 bitter

2 hardship

3 pain

4 to suffer

5 to bring suffering to

6 painstakingly

1 unable to bear the pain (idiom)

1 mutually related karma (idiom); fates are intertwined

2 interdependent

1 lit. the pain of being hanged upside down (idiom); fig. extremely critical situation

2 dire straits

1 to have suffered all kinds of hardships (idiom)

1 to consider from all angles (idiom); to think hard

2 to rack one's brains