1 surname Zeng

1 once

2 already

3 former

4 previously

5 ever

6 (past tense marker used before verb or clause)

1 mother

2 also pr. [mǔ qin]

3 classifier: 个 gè

1 father and mother

2 parents

1 wife's mother

2 mother-in-law

3 same as: 丈母

1 like a second parent (idiom); one's great benefactor

1 one depends on one's parents when at home, and on one's friends when away from home (idiom)

1 one depends on one's parents when at home, and on one's friends when away from home (idiom)

1 to recount history but omit one's ancestors (idiom); to forget one's roots

1 lit. having crossed the vast ocean (idiom)

2 fig. widely experienced in the vicissitudes of life