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chéng ，1915 nián Àiyīnsītǎn fābiǎo le yīxìliè lùnwén ，ér zhèxiē lùnwén ne ，miáoshù le xiàndài kēxué zhìguānzhòngyào de guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn lǐlùn ，tīng guò ma ？guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn ？tā diàndìng le wǒmen mùqián liǎojiě zhònglì de jīchǔ 。

No problem. In 1915 Einstein published a series of theses, and these theses described the most important core theory in contemporary science, the theory of general relativity. Have you heard of it? The theory of general relativity? It laid the foundation for our current understanding of gravity.

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还算有点常识呀你，狭义相对论是爱因斯坦在广义相对论发现前十年制定的，当时已令人震惊地揭示了时间的流逝并非绝对，但与牛顿在1687年所阐述的经典引力定律，在许多方面都不一致。

hái suàn yǒudiǎnr chángshí ya nǐ ，xiáyì xiāngduìlùn shì Àiyīnsītǎn zài guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn fāxiàn qián shínián zhìdìng de ，dāngshí yǐ lìng rén zhènjīng de jiēshì le shíjiān de liúshì bìngfēi juéduì ，dàn yǔ Niúdùn zài 1687 nián suǒ chǎnshù de jīngdiǎn yǐnlì dìnglǜ ，zài xǔduō fāngmiàn dōu bù yīzhì 。

So you do have some general knowledge. Special relativity was defined by Einstein ten years before he came to the theory of general relativity. At that time, he'd already revealed to everyone's surprise that the flow of time was not absolute, but it was also not entirely the same as the classic laws of gravitation which he described in 1687, in many aspects.

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没错，为了让自己的公式和牛顿的公式一致，因此爱因斯坦开始着手研究一个新的理论，而解答就是广义相对论，该理论预测了大质量的物体会扭曲周遭的空间，造成附近的物体朝它“坠落”，也就是说，爱因斯坦发现空间是"弧形"的，那也表示即便是光，也会受到重力牵引的影响。

méicuò ，wèile ràng zìjǐ de gōngshì hé Niúdùn de gōngshì yīzhì ，yīncǐ Àiyīnsītǎn kāishǐ zhuóshǒu yánjiū yī gè xīn de lǐlùn ，ér jiědá jiùshì guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn ，gāi lǐlùn yùcè le dà zhìliàng de wùtǐ huì niǔqū zhōuzāo de kōngjiān ，zàochéng fùjìn de wùtǐ cháo tā “zhuìluò ”，yějiùshìshuō ，Àiyīnsītǎn fāxiàn kōngjiān shì "húxíng "de ，nà yě biǎoshì jíbiàn shì guāng ，yě huì shòudào zhònglì qiānyǐn de yǐngxiǎng 。

That's right. In order to make his own theory fit with that of Newton's, Einstein began to research a new theory, and the answer to this was the theory of general relativity. This theory predicted that objects with large masses would distort the space surrounding them, making the objects nearby "fall" towards them. That is to say, Einstein discovered that space is curved, which means that even light is affected by gravity.

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是的，不仅如此，另一个结论是强大的引力可以造成时间变慢，因此广义相对论最有意思的一面是预测了黑洞的存在，这种密度极高的物体由于引力极强，即便是光落入其中也无法逃脱。

shì de ，bùjǐn rúcǐ ，lìng yī ge jiélùn shì qiángdà de yǐnlì kěyǐ zàochéng shíjiān biàn màn ，yīncǐ guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn zuì yǒu yìsi de yīmiàn shì yùcè le hēidòng de cúnzài ，zhèzhǒng mìdù jígāo de wùtǐ yóuyú yǐnlì jí strong ，jíbiàn shì guāng luò rù qízhōng yě wúfǎ táotuō 。

Yes, and that's not all. Another conclusion was that strong gravitational pull can make time slow. Therefore, one of the interesting aspects of the theory of general relativity is that it predicted the existence of black holes. Even light which falls on these incredibly dense objects cannot escape because of the extremely strong gravitational pull.

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我听说广义相对论一直备受争议，因为牵涉到质量极大的物质啊，因此理论很难被证实吧，虽然类似“星际效应”这样的电影，都试图借着电影特效让一般人来理解这高深理论背后的概念。

wǒ tīngshuō guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn yīzhí bèishòu zhēngyì ，yīnwèi to implicate dào zhìliàng jídà de wùzhì ā ，yīncǐ lǐlùn hěn nán bèi zhèngshí ba ，suīrán lèisì “xīngjìxiàoyìng ”zhèyàng de diànyǐng ，dōu shìtú jiè zhe diànyǐng tèxiào ràng yībānrén lái lǐjiě zhè gāoshēn lǐlùn bèihòu de gàiniàn 。

I hear that there has always been a lot of controversy surrounding the general theory of relativity, because it deals with matter with an extremely high mass, and therefore it is very difficult to prove the theory. Although films like Interstellar have tried to use special effects to give the general public an understanding of the concept behind this incredibly profound theory.

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不必担心，继2015年9月透过两台激光干涉引力波观测站测量到重力波后，2016年物理学家第二次测量到重力波，再次证实了爱因斯坦一百年前提出的广义相对论，这下老先生可以瞑目咯。

búbì dānxīn ，jì 2015 nián jiǔyuè tòuguò liǎng tái jīguāng gānshè yǐnlìbō guāncèzhàn cèliàng dào zhònglìbō hòu ，2016 nián wùlǐxuéjiā dì èr cì cèliàng dào zhònglìbō ，zàicì zhèngshí le Àiyīnsītǎn yībǎi nián qián tíchū de guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn ，zhèxià lǎoxiānsheng kěyǐ míngmù lo 。

You shouldn't worry, continuing on from when in September of 2015, gravitational waves were detected by two laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatories, in 2016, physicists detected gravitational waves for the second time, again confirming Einstein's theory of general relatively, proposed one hundred years ago. Now I can die without regret.

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当然，广义的人类学不仅研究人类，还研究社会，民族，语言等方面的发展。比如亨利教授的研究方向就是国家的起源和发展，他的著作在整个人类学的学术界都产生巨大的影响。

dāngrán ，guǎngyì de rénlèixué bù jǐn yánjiū rénlèi ，hái yánjiū shèhuì ，mínzú ，yǔyán děng fāngmiàn de fāzhǎn 。bǐrú Hēnglì jiàoshòu de fāngxiàng jiùshì guójiā de qǐyuán hé fāzhǎn ，tā de zhùzuò zài zhěnggè rénlèixué de xuéshùjiè dōu chǎnshēng jùdà de yǐngxiǎng 。

Of course it is. Anthropology in a broad sense is the study of society, ethnicity, language and a lot of other things besides just human beings. Professor Claessen is an expert in the study of the origin of nation states and their development. His papers and books have had enormous influence in academia.

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以前学过。就是说时间和空间的相对关系，分狭义的和广义的。狭义的认为物体的运动是相对的，时间和速度都是相对的，光速不变。

yǐqián xué guo 。jiùshì shuō shíjiān hé kōngjiān de xiāngduì guānxi ，fēn xiáyì de hé guǎngyì de 。xiáyì de rènwéi wùtǐ de yùndòng shì xiāngduì de ，shíjiān hé sùdù dōu shì xiāngduì de ，guāngsù bù biàn 。

I studied it before. That is the relative relationship between time and space. There are specialized and general theories of relativity. The theory behind specialized relativity is that the movement of physical objects is relative. Speed and time are also relative, with the speed of light being constant.

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科幻片里才有吧。好玄啊。那广义的呢？

kēhuànpiàn lǐ cái yǒu ba 。hǎo xuán a 。nà guǎngyì de ne ？

Only in science-fiction films. That's beyond comprehension. What about the general theory of relativity?

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广义相对论......运动和引力场什么的......

guǎngyì xiāngduìlùn ......yùndòng hé yǐnlìchǎng shénme de ......

The general theory of relativity... movement, gravitational fields, and so forth...

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