科普小知识：为什么看到酸的食物就会流口水？
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ID: 4351
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今天我们要跟大家介绍一个关于人体的有趣科普小知识。有时候当我们看到柠檬或想到酸酸的食物时，会忍不住流口水，你知道这是为什么吗？其实这个道理叫做条件反射，快来听听这堂课吧！
Lyn,Joshua
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| SIMPLIFIED | PINYIN | ENGLISH | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 不自觉 | bùzìjué | unaware | |
| 后天 | hòutiān | acquired (not innate) | |
| 条件反射 | tiáojiànfǎnshè | conditioned reflex | |
| 现象 | xiànxiàng | phenomenon |
一看到酸的食物就不自觉地流下口水是一种后天形成的条件反射现象
yī 一kàn 看dào 到suān 酸de 的shíwù 食物jiù 就bùzìjué 不自觉de 地liú 流xià 下kǒushuǐ 口水shì 是yīzhǒng 一种hòutiān 后天xíngchéng 形成de 的tiáojiànfǎnshè 条件反射xiànxiàng 现象
It is an acquired conditioned reflex that one drools unconsciously when seeing sour food.
条件反射最广为人知的实验是在19世纪末由俄国生理学家巴甫洛夫所进行的
tiáojiànfǎnshè 条件反射zuì 最guǎngwéirénzhī 广为人知de 的shíyàn 实验shì 是zài 在 19shìjì 世纪mò 末yóu 由Éguó 俄国shēnglǐxuéjiā 生理学家BāfǔLuòfū 巴甫洛夫suǒ 所jìnxíng 进行de 的
The most well-known conditioned reflex experiment was carried out at the end of 19th century by a Russian physiologist, Pavlov.
他在每一次喂狗吃肉之前都会响一次铃狗有肉吃就会流口水久而久之狗一听到铃声就知道有肉可吃就会不自主地流下口水
tā 他zài 在měi 每yīcì 一次wèi 喂gǒu 狗chī 吃ròu 肉zhīqián 之前dōu 都huì 会xiǎng 响yīcì 一次líng 铃gǒu 狗yǒu 有ròu 肉chī 吃jiù 就huì 会liú 流kǒushuǐ 口水jiǔérjiǔzhī 久而久之gǒu 狗yī 一tīngdào 听到língshēng 铃声jiù 就zhīdào 知道yǒu 有ròu 肉kě 可chī 吃jiù 就huì 会 不自主de 地liú 流xià 下kǒushuǐ 口水
He rings the bell every time before feeding the dogs. The dogs drool when there's meat to eat. As time passed by, the dogs would know that there's meat to eat once they heard the bell, and they would drool involuntarily.
所以条件反射就是指长时间下来对特定制约刺激的反应
suǒyǐ 所以tiáojiànfǎnshè 条件反射jiùshì 就是zhǐ 指cháng 长shíjiān 时间xiàlai 下来duì 对tèdìng 特定zhìyuē 制约cìjī 刺激de 的fǎnyìng 反应
Therefore, conditioned reflex indicates the response to a long-term specifically restricted stimulation.
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