Intermediate - Sentence Grammar
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:02 AM posted in Transcripts with TalLesson here.
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 07:23 AM
Dilu: 状语。状语。常常会有地点状语时间状语。
John: 状语 is an 'adverbial'. So it comes before the verb and modifies it in some way.
Dilu: 是的。
John: And we're going to also put all these words in the Supplementary Vocabulary so all of you grammar nerds can soak it all up.
Dilu: 如果你对语法很感兴趣的话呢，希望今天这一节课对你还是有一些帮助的。
John: And you can ask us more questions on ChinesePod.com, and I'm guessing Dilu is not going to answer them, but someone is.
Dilu: John will be there for you.
John: Alright, so see you on ChinesePod.
Dilu: 再见。
John: 再见。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 07:14 AM
John: Subject, predicate, object.
Dilu: 没错。
John: And we also briefly mentioned another one. The complement.
Dilu: 还有说到补语。
John: There are many types of those. And there are two other main sentence elements. What are those?
Dilu: 另外两种常用的是：定语和状语。
John: 定语 is an attributive. This is usually some kind of modifier for a noun.
Dilu: 对。
John: And the other one was?
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 07:08 AM
Dilu: 副词。副词。
John: And preposition?
Dilu: 介词。介词。
John: And particle?
Dilu: 助词。助词。已经［说的］很多，我自己都［搞］不清楚。
John: We're going to put all of these extra parts of speech in the Supplementary Vocabulary to this lesson.
Dilu: 等一下。那还有那个句字的成分。
John: So, sentence elements. We already mentioned which ones?
Dilu: 三种。主语，谓语宾语。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 06:57 AM
John: So Dilu, right off the bat we got into parts of speech.
Dilu: 你是说词性拉。
John: Right. Which ones did we hear in the dialog.
Dilu: 在课文里面我们有名词和动词。
John: Nouns and verbs. But let's give our listeners a couple of other ones, just in case they find them useful. If you don't find these useful, you can turn off this podcast right now. First of all 'adjective'. How do we say that?
Dilu: 形容词。形容词。
John: Adverb?
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 06:51 AM
John: You add 得 after the verb. And then we have one more example.
Dilu: 这个公司的管理做得不太好。这个公司的管理做得不太好。
John: Here the verb is not 管理. Here the verb is ...
Dilu: 做。做得不好。
John: So this company's management isn't doing a good job.
Dilu: 那在这里，管理就是一个名词。
John: 'Management'. A noun.
Dilu: 对。
John: And that is the end of these fantastic grammar questions.
Dilu: Yay, finally.
John: But we have a few other useful words after we listen to the dialog one more time.
Dilu: 好。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 06:44 AM
John: 'This company is managed very poorly'. So 管理 is a verb.
Dilu: 因为有一个＇得＇。
John: So there's a 得 after it, and when we see this 得 frequently its a complement - that's a different sentence element. What is that in Chinese?
Dilu: 我们叫：补语。补语。
John: Anyway, in this case 管理做动词，是吧。
Dilu: 没错。因为有＇得＇，所以说她是做动词用。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 06:37 AM
Dilu: 这个着呢，表示的是一个状态。
John: Its a continuous state. She's managing a company ...
Dilu: 对。这是她的工作。
John: And its her job now - she's been doing it for a while.
Dilu: 那因为有这个着，所以知道这个管理在这里是做动词。
John: So 管理 is a verb, and its in the predicate.
Dilu: 是个谓语。
John: Then we have another example.
Dilu: 也是动词的例子：这个公司管理得很不好。这个公司管理得很不好。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 06:29 AM
Dilu: 对。我们常常会说：举例子。To give an example。
John: 举个例子 or 举例子. 例子 - the tones are ...
Dilu: 第四声和轻声。例子。举例子。
John: Then we had an example. What was that one?
Dilu: 她管理着一个大公司。她管理着一个大公司。
John: So here we have 管理 acting as a verb.
Dilu: 对。
John: And we know its a verb because it has 着 after it. Right, 着.
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:59 AM
4:34
Dilu: 对。做主语或者宾语的时候，这个词是名词。
John: So when the word 管理 is either the subject or the object, its a noun. Then the student asks for an example.
Dilu: 可以举个例子吗？可以举个例子吗？
John: The word 举, ju, is 3rd tone.
Dilu: 对。第三声。
John: And it literally means 'to raise', right?
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:53 AM
Dilu: 对。那最后一个是：宾语。宾语。
John: 1st tone and 3rd tone, and that is object.
Dilu: 对。三个很重要的句子成分。谓语，主语，宾语。
John: We're not going to go into too much about what these are. You can look them up in the dictionary, but they're useful to know if you really want to talk about grammar.
Dilu: 是的。
John: Now one other thing to mention here - we have this word 或者.
Dilu: 或者。第四声和第三声。
John: That means 'or', frequently used in statements, not when you're asking 'do you want this or this', but when you're telling 'it can be this or this'.
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:41 AM
John: We're about to get into the sentence elements a little bit, but let me just say real quickly that these are separate from parts of speech. Its a parallel classification. It has its own usage. In the next sentence we hear three of the big ones. What are they?
Dilu: 谓语，主语和宾语。
John: 谓语 - that's 4th tone, 3rd tone - and that is 'predicate'.
Dilu: 第二个是主语。
John: 主语 is 3rd-3rd, and that means subject.
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:35 AM
Dilu: You need to look at.
John: We could also translate that as 'it depends on'.
Dilu: 对。
John: Right?
Dilu: 要看它做什么句子成分。
John: So it depends on what sentence element it is.
Dilu: 句子成分。句子成分。
John: So the word for sentence is ...
Dilu: 句子。句子。第四声和轻声。
John: 4th tone and neutral. And 'element' or 'component part'?
Dilu: 成分。成分。
John: 2nd tone and 4th tone.
Dilu: 是的。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:30 AM
2:37
Dilu: 那有什么区别？有什么区别？
John: And how do you tell the difference?
Dilu: 怎么区别？怎么区别？
John: Both useful questions. So 怎么区别呢？
Dilu: 要看它做什么句子成分。做什么句子成分。
John: In the beginning we had 要看 - 'you have to look at'.
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:25 AM
2:02
Dilu: 是的。
John: One quick question that we didn't hit. 管理 - what are the tones?
Dilu: 两个第三声。但是会有一个tone change。变成第二声和第三声。
John: 管理.
Dilu: 对。那怎么区别呢。
John: 区别, 1st tone, 2nd tone - that's a verb which means 'to distinguish', 'to tell the difference'.
Dilu: 没错。区别，第一声和第二声。但是这个字呢也可以做名词。
John: So the word 区别 can be a verb or a noun. So if you wanted to ask 'what's the difference', that's a very useful to ask your teacher, you can say ...
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:15 AM
John: Right off the bat, its a student's question for a teacher about what word?
Dilu: 管理。管理。
John: So if we translate that into English, it could be 'manage', a verb, and it could be 'management' which is a noun.
Dilu: 那在中文里面也是一样的。管理可以做动词，也可以做名词。
John: So it can be a verb. So when you say a word can be a verb, we use ...
Dilu: 做。做动词。做名词。
John: You know 做 can mean 'to make', 'to do', it can also sometimes mean 'to be'.
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 05:08 AM
John: Hey Intermediate learners, this is ChinesePod, I'm John.
Dilu: 大家好，我是Dilu。
John: And we have a fun lesson today chock full of grammar.
Dilu: ［啊哟hou天哪］
John: So let me warn you, if you're not into grammar, run now and just turn off this podcast.
Dilu: 对。如果你不是很care grammar的话，这一课呢will kill you。
John: We're going to talk about parts of speech, we're going to talk about sentence elements. Its all coming up in this dialog.
Dilu: 好。我们先来听一下对话。
Right-Wingnut
February 16, 2013 at 07:14 AM9:30-end